Home gardening in Singapore: A feasibility study on the utilization of the vertical space of retrofitted high-rise public housing apartment buildings to increase urban vegetable self-sufficiency

In land-scarce cities, high-rise apartment buildings may provide vertical spaces for natural-light home gardening along corridors, rooftops, balconies as well as façades. The vertical space can improve not only urban environmental sustainability but also food security. Using an experimental approach, we investigated the food production potential of a high-rise public housing apartment building based on different gardening systems, food crops, and sunlight availability. A gardening prototype system for building corridors was shown to increase the unit area yield of corridor gardening by fivefold compared to a commercial trough planter system. Additionally, this commercial trough planter system was mainly for leafy vegetable production, whereas the gardening prototype system for corridors is also suitable for climbing crops, such as legumes and cucurbits. Nevertheless, because of the limited space along corridors of the apartment building and the relatively low-light levels on average, corridor gardening was estimated to meet only 0.5 % of the demand for vegetables of the residents living in the apartment building. Rooftop gardening with shallow growing medium (depth < 15 cm) was estimated to meet 3 % of demand, and façade gardening 43 %, given the larger space available. Although the vegetable production potential in this study was estimated based on a particular typology of public housing apartment buildings in Singapore, our results showed that vegetable production in public housing apartment buildings is feasible, and home gardening can produce a substantial amount of vegetables for consumption if well deployed. Governments of highly urbanized cities may wish to invest in better home garden designs for high-rise public housing apartment buildings and encourage residents’ participation in home gardening, which would increase high-rise greenery coverage and improve urban food system resilience. Future studies should also investigate the environmental sustainability and food safety aspects of home gardening in highly urbanized cities.     

黑龙江省伊春地区农村住宅中廊的作用解析

通过对黑龙江省伊春地区农村住宅的实际调研,结合了地域特殊的气候情况,分析了住宅的平面布置,从而进一步对廊这一功能空间在农村住宅中的作用进行论述.     

基于SPEI指数分析河西走廊气象干旱时空变化特征

利用河西走廊1965-2017年21个气象站点逐日气象数据,基于Penman-Monteith蒸散模型计算不同时间尺度的SPEI,分析河西走廊气象干旱的变化趋势、发生频率和持续时间等时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）近53a来河西走廊月、季、年尺度SPEI均呈显著上升趋势,即干旱有显著减弱趋势,但个别站点干旱持续时间较长,其中武威站在2013年持续时长达到11个月;（2）河西走廊四季均存在变湿趋势,且冬季变湿显著,其中春、夏、秋季干旱呈不稳定变化,而冬季在1989年前后发生突变,由干旱向湿润突变;（3）河西走廊干旱的空间分布具有明显的区域特征,干旱区域主要集中在西北部,湿润区域主要集中在南部;（4）不同时间尺度各等级干旱发生频率的变化规律具有一致性,轻中旱发生频率远高于重特旱,且年、季尺度重特旱发生相对高频区空间分布特征与轻中旱正好相反。总之,近53a来河西走廊干旱呈减弱趋势,有利于当地的农业生产开展和生态环境改善,但该区域气候变化较复杂,需要注意局部干旱情况。     

河西地区土地利用变化的生态环境效应研究

1990~2000年间,河西地区土地利用方式发生了较大的变化。耕地面积和居民地、工矿、交通等建设用地持续扩大,草地、未利用地和水域面积趋于减少;动态过程以未利用地向耕地和建设地转化,草地向耕地转化最为明显。主要土地利用转变类型大多与耕地有关。土地利用/覆盖变化导致了诸多生态环境问题如:土地荒漠化、水资源短缺、水质恶化、植被破坏等,使该区的生态环境更加脆弱。     

河西走廊草原生态置换条件和潜力及对策研究

本文从草原面积、产草量、水资源、草原灾害发生频率、草地质量方面,分析了河西走廊草原生态置换的必要性,以及河西走廊具有发展草地农业条件优越、牧业现代化程度较高、牧区自然资源丰富、城乡一体化基础较好等进行草原生态置换的条件和潜力。提出了河西走廊草原生态置换的对策:即养殖方式舍饲化、牧民生活定居化、经济增长工业化、牧业经营产业化、公共服务社会化。     

Causes of Sandstorm Disaster and Strategies against Desertification——A Case Study of Hexi Corridor in Northwest China

This case study outlines the problems faced by the peoples of the Hexi Corridor. These problems are serious and urgent, and are representative of those faced by other communities right across western China. The root causes are outlined and some remedies are suggested. The practical measures proposed under China's National Action Plan to Combat Desertification are described and discussed.     

绿洲农区土壤资源数据库的建立——以河西走廊临泽样区为例

以河西走廊临泽样区为例 ,应用 Microsoft Access97建立基于 Windows平台的绿洲农区土壤资源 (土系 )数据库 ,为干旱地区 (特别是绿洲 )土壤资源的合理利用与管理、农业合理布局、农用土地土壤质量评价、田间养分管理中的应用问题等方面提供理论依据     

河西生态林业建设成就、问题及对策

论述了生态林及林业可持续发展的概念，总结了甘肃河西生态林业40多年建设成就，针对河生态林业可持续发展中所存在的问题，提出了生态林业可持续发展的对策。     

日粮中添加牛至油对河西绒山羊育肥性能的影响研究

牛至精油对家畜生产性能和免疫力的提高有重要的影响。通过在日粮中添加牛至精油育肥河西绒山羊,研究其对河西绒山羊生长性能、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中分别添加4和7 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油的添加剂),4和7 g宜生饲宝中牛至精油的含量分别为52和91 mg。对照组和试验组均为同月龄、同体重的河西绒山羊羯羊,试验组和对照组均设3个重复,每个重复5只羊。育肥期为90 d,每30 d为1个阶段。试验结果表明:育肥全期,对照组、4 g组和7 g组河西绒山羊平均日增重分别为96.30、172.22和169.82 g·d^-1,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);屠宰性状,胴体重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为20.24、24.18和23.90 kg,无显著差异(P>0.05),屠宰率对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为48.86%、51.21%和51.56%,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),胴体净肉重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为12.90、16.27和15.99 kg,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);肉质性状,大理石纹4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),pH、熟肉率、失水率、嫩度、蒸煮损失对照组、4 g组、7 g组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮中添加牛至油可以显著提高河西绒山羊的育肥性能,本试验日粮中添加4 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油52 mg)效果最佳。     

河西走廊水资源特征及其循环转化规律

河西走廊水资源主要以雪冰水资源、地表水资源与地下水资源的形式存在,分布于石羊河、黑河、疏勒河3大相对独立的流域水系.南部祁连山区发育大小河流共计57条,多年平均出山径流量71.29×108 m3,总体而言,近50 a出山径流变化比较稳定.走廊平原主要由8个大型的构造地貌盆地组成,盆地地下水主要接受出山河水及引灌河水的入渗补给,是地表水资源的重复表现形式,多年平均地下水补给量为42.42×108 m3.近50 a来,地下水补给量减少了17.19×108 m3,由此引起泉水资源23 a来衰减了24.6%.受构造地貌的制约,自南部山区至北部盆地,地下水与河水之间经过5个不同地带有规律的、大数量的、重复的转化过程,形成完整统一的"山区地下水-地表水-南盆地地下水-地表水(泉水)-北盆地地下水"水资源循环系统.